The Increasing Need to Reform Rape Laws - 771 Words

Rape is one of the most widespread and ubiquitous violent crimes facing America, making laws regarding rape and the judicial processing of rape increasingly important. The judicial process itself deters both rape reports and rape convictions. Not only does the judicial processing or rape cases itself deter reports and convictions, but it also has a negative impact on the moral and mental well being of the victims who decide to pursue their cases. According to the Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network, â€Å"there is an average of 237,868 victims (age 12 or older) of rape and sexual assault each year.† It is estimated that â€Å"out of every 100 rapes, 40 get reported to the police, 10 lead to an arrest, 8 get prosecuted, 4 lead to a felony conviction† and â€Å"3 rapists will spend even a single day in prison.† Furthermore, â€Å"about 95% of† the four percent of felony â€Å"convictions are obtained by way of a plea agreement† rather than thr ough trial. In some states, like â€Å"California, there is a higher acquittal rate for rape than for any other felony (926). Rape, as defined by the Uniform Crime Reporting Program in 2011, is â€Å"penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.† This differs from the previous definition of rape, â€Å"first established in 1927, ‘the carnal knowledge of a female, forcibly and against her will.’ It thus included only forcible male penileShow MoreRelatedImmigration Reform Of The United States1397 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1986, the United States enacted The Immigration Reform and Control Act which made it illegal to hire illegal immigrants. This is by far the biggest reform made in recent history. Immigration reform is simply making changes to a country’s immigration policies for the better. It has been a huge and controversial topic since 1986 and even more so when President Obama proposed a reform himself in 2009. According to Obama, this reform wo uld improve border enforcement, be stricter on visa overstaysRead MoreMarital Breakdown and Divorce Essay1094 Words   |  5 Pagesthe number of marriages ending in divorce. In this essay I aim to justify this increase and explain why statistics may give a misleading picture. The way I have decided to structure this essay is firstly to look at a brief history of the laws governing divorce over the last century, then to discuss the statistics and finally to conclude with possible reasons and feasible explanations as to why there has been such an increase. The divorce courts were first established inRead MoreLast week the White House released a short, celebrity packed, 60-second public service announcement2600 Words   |  11 Pagesit fails to encompass central issues of rape culture: societal perceptions, the victim, and the justice system. Sexual assault is a phenomenon that has been around for centuries. The culture of sexual assault is rooted in both legal practices and societal perceptions; in order for its reforms to be effective, they need to target both aspects of rape culture, as one factor by itself is not enough to maintain reforms and foster needed change. The culture of rape—how it is defined, its victims and itsRead MoreThe Culture of Sexual Assault as Reflected in the 1970s Rape Law Reforms3714 Words   |  15 Pageslegal practices and societal perceptions. 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It could take anywhere from 5-10 years for the HIV v irus to adapt into AIDSRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1310 Words   |  6 PagesSir Thomas Dale, implemented the Divine, Moral, and Martial Laws that made death the penalty for minor offenses such as stealing grapes, killing chickens, killing dogs/horses without permission, or trading with Indians. Under the Capital Laws of New-England that went into effect between 1636-1647 the death penalty was melted out for pre-meditated murder, sodomy, witchcraft, adultery, idolatry, blasphemy, assault in anger, rape, statutory rape, man stealing, perjury in a capital trial, rebellion, manslaughterRead MoreA New Sentencing Reform For The United States1190 Words   |  5 PagesSentencing Reform America holds 16.3 trillion dollars in debt and the debt will continue to increase for the next twenty years. Arizona is not far behind with the accumulating debt of 42.7 billion dollars. 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Epiphanies in Joyces Dubliners and Chaucers Canterbury...

James Joyce’s Dubliners is a compilation of stories that all rely on character epiphanies in order to develop each story. These epiphanies change the tone of each story because each yields a negative change or reaction. In both â€Å"Araby† and â€Å"The Dead†, the characters realize or learn something about the world around them, which makes them second guess either themselves or the reason behind their actions. Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales contains at least one tale that relies on an epiphany to help develop theme but it doesn’t change the tone or course of the story, it just helps to portray the true meaning of the character. The Pardoner becomes a deeper character because of his epiphany, which is what makes it important to the rest of†¦show more content†¦Another factor that could possibly have helped to cause the Pardoner’s epiphany is the pilgrimage, he feels the need to repent for all his hypocrisy and scams so his sou l doesn’t â€Å"go a-blackberrying†(pg 511, ll 78) when he dies. The Pardoner’s epiphany doesn’t change the course or the tone of the tale in itself, because he continues to act the way he usually does in regards to his relics and pardons. However, at the end of the tale the way he acts towards the travelers is just a cover of how he is truly feeling. The situation is different in Joyce’s Dubliners. Each story involves an epiphany that causes the character to have a negative outlook on life. It changes the tone of the story completely. For example, in â€Å"Araby† a young boy has a negative experience at a bazaar, which alters his view of the world. He just wanted to impress an older girl that he loved because she couldn’t go to Araby at all. He was so excited and mesmerized by the thought of the bazaar and possibly even winning the girl’s love, that even â€Å"the syllables of the word Araby were called to me through the silence in which my soul luxuriated and cast an Eastern enchantment over me†(pg 17). However, the atmosphere of Araby was the exact opposite of what the boy had been imagining because it wasn’t exotic at all. Plus, it was dark and empty because he arrived around

Historical Background of Rural Finance of Bangladesh Free Essays

Historical background of rural finance The non-institutional or informal rural finance Informal rural finance markets enable flow of funds and transfer of rural financial assets through relatively localised transactions in money, and real goods and services among friends, relatives, kin-members, landlords, neighbours, shopkeepers, farmers, artisans, itinerant traders, marketing intermediaries, village mahajans (moneylenders), and other local income groups. Informal financial markets do exist in urban areas, but are more prominent in rural areas where institutional sources of finance are either absent or insufficient to cater to the needs of funds of local professionals of different categories. The sources of informal rural finance in most developing countries include (a) professional moneylenders; (b) agricultural moneylenders; (c) commission agents; (d) relatives and friends, and different associations of rural professionals/self-help groups; (e) well-to-do rural people; and (f) shop-keepers, and marketing intermediaries and proprietors. We will write a custom essay sample on Historical Background of Rural Finance of Bangladesh or any similar topic only for you Order Now Contrary to formal rural finance, the informal segment of rural financial markets is not subject to regulation. The institutional or formal rural finance The sources of funds in the formal part of rural finance markets are mainly: (a) co-operatives that meet the needs of short, medium and long-term credit; (b) commercial, cooperative and specialised banks; (c) micro-finance institutions (MFIs) and NGOs conducting micro-finance operations; (d) agri-product marketing associations; and (e) land mortgage banks, and various government agencies including those established for agricultural development. The operations of financial institutions in formal rural financial markets are typically heavily regulated, and the nature and extent of formalities, as well as the interest rate structure, usually make access to credit from this market restricted to limited segments of the rural population. . Before (1971) Formal financing through institutional sources evolved in Bengal during the British period. The Hindustan Bank was established in Calcutta in 1700. The Bengal Bank, established in 1784, is considered to be the first British-patronised modern bank in India to start trading in credit and money. The 14 prominent banks operating in Bengal during the British period were located in Dhaka, Chittagong, Rangpur, Chandpur, Mymensingh, Pabna, Dinajpur, Comilla, and Narayanganj. In addition to these bank offices, 17 loan offices were established which operated throughout the Bangladesh region between 1850 and 1894. These were at Faridpur (1865), Bogra (1872), Barisal (1873), Mymensingh (1873), Nasirabad (1875), Jessore (1876), Munshiganj (1876), Dhaka (1878), Sylhet (1881), Pabna (1882), Kishoreganj (1883), Noakhali (1885), Khulna (1887), Madaripur (1887), Tangail (1887), Nilphamari (1894), and Rangpur (1894). These loan offices extended their lending activity to the rural areas and gave short, medium and long-term credits. Provincial co-operative banks were established in 1912 under the Co-operative Society Act that was passed and enacted in the same year. The Bengal Co-operative Societies Act 1940 was enacted to allow the formation of co-operative societies. Following the Partition in 1947, Pakistan inherited a banking and credit structure from the British regime consisting of 631 bank offices belonging to both local and foreign banks. Of these offices, only 159 were in rural areas. The State Bank of Pakistan, the central bank of the country, came into being in 1948 and attempted to strengthen the country’s credit system through setting up new branches of commercial banks and other types of credit institutions in rural areas. In addition to the progress achieved in commercial banking, other credit institutions had also been established to satisfy the need for medium and long-term credits for rural trade, agriculture, industry, and housing in the 24 years between 1947 and 1971. Among credit institutions, the Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan had its branches in the rural areas of both the provinces. The East Pakistan Provincial Government’s loan for agriculture in East Pakistan was Rs 28 million in 1956 and Rs 25 million in 1961-62. takavi loans for West Pakistan and Agricultural loans for East Pakistan constituted the operations of the government as a direct lender with no intermediate link between it and the agriculturists. Co-operative societies and organisations played a significant role in providing agricultural credit. Total credit disbursed by East Pakistan credit societies for agriculture was Rs 27. 5 million in 1948-49 and Rs 4 million in 1959-60. Non-credit co-operative societies provided Rs 1. 6 million in 1948-49 and Rs 0. 5 million in 1959-60. There were 8 land mortgage banks in East Pakistan at the end of 1959-60. These banks advanced Rs 0. 63 million to farmers for redemption of old debts and permanent improvement of land. There were 83 central co-operative banks in East Pakistan in 1948-49. Together, they provided Rs 17. million in 1948-49, Rs 10. 64 million in1955-65 and Rs 28. 8 million in 1959-60 to the agricultural sector. The Central Multipurpose Societies that existed in East Pakistan at that time often resorted to credit business in order to fulfil the requirements of areas which were not served by central co-operative banks. There were 62 societies in operation in 1959-60. Their total outstanding credit was Rs 6. 02 million. After (1971) After independence in 1971, Bangladesh inhe rited a weak banking system, which had 1,130 branches of 12 banks. Between 1971 and 1976, Bangladesh Krishi Bank (formerly the Agricultural Development Bank) and the co-operatives were the two institutions that were meeting the need of agricultural credit. To increase the flow of credit for agriculture, the government inducted the NCBs in the field of agricultural credit in 1976 under a new programme called Special Agricultural Credit Programme (SACP) which was designed to cater to all seasonal crop loans. Rural branches of NCBs are now engaged in agricultural credit. As against a total disbursement of Tk 860 million by the banking system in 1976-77, the agricultural loans rose to Tk 3. 75 billion in 1980-81, Tk 11. 5 billion in 1984-85 and Tk 76. 3 billion in 1999-2000. The 844 branches of bangladesh krishi bank (BKB) and 301 branches of rajshahi krishi unnayan bank (RKUB) are engaged in providing agricultural credit. At present, BKB has set its target to distribute a total credit of Tk 14. 5 billion for agriculture in 1999-2000. Previously, the bank disbursed total agricultural credit of Tk 4. 897 billion in 1997-98, Tk 11. 69 billion in 1998-99, and Tk 9. 175 billion in 1999-2000. RKUB distributed agricultural credit amounting to Tk 1. 517 billion in 1997-98, Tk 2. 50 billion in 1998-99, and Tk 2. 636 billion in 1999-2000. Other major institutions providing rural finance in Bangladesh are the Bangladesh Samabaya Bank Ltd (BSBL), the apex institution of all central co-operative societies, co-operative land mortgage banks, central sugarcane growe rs associations and thana co-operative societies. Any of the above societies can be a member of the Samabaya Bank Ltd, which had 511 members on 30 June 1999. Total loans and advances of the BSBL as of 30 June 2000 was Tk 27. 43 million, of which Tk 25. 94 million was distributed to the agricultural sector. The rate of interest charged by the institutions of the country’s banking systems engaged in agricultural credit varied from 9. 75 to 15. 50% on 30 April 2000. Despite the significant increase in the amount of total agricultural credit in the country during the last two and a half decades, NCBs, BKB and the RKUB together cater to only 50% of the total agricultural credit at present. The rest is being provided by the informal money market. A Lead Bank Scheme is in operation for co-ordinated distribution of agricultural credit throughout the country. Under this scheme, each of the branches of NCBs, and BKB was allocated one or more of the Unions for servicing agricultural credit so that the NCBs, together with BKB and RKUB, could cover the entire country. For each financial year, the central bank of the country (bangladesh bank) formulates and promulgates the agricultural credit policy according to which banks and other institutions operate their agricultural credit-giving activities. The agricultural credit market in the country is highly vulnerable as most part of the credit is non-performing and eaten up by big farmers, the rural rich elite, and touts. On the other hand, a large portion of institutional agricultural credit goes to the informal market and for re-lending to needy farmers and the rural poor at exorbitant interest rates. A huge amount is also diverted for consumption and other purposes. Moreover, the recovery rate of agricultural credit in the country is now only around 42%, which is a heavy barrier to its expansion. The NGOs operating in the country with microcredit programmes also constitute a major group of formal institutions providing rural finance. They work with the rural poor who are largely bypassed by the banking system and other credit-giving agencies. A few NGOs are also working with the urban poor. One statistical report on 369 NGOs, the grameen bank, Palli Karmasahayak Foundation (PKSF), and the Ministry of Youth and Sports reveals that these institutions distributed Tk 535. 9 million to their 4,926,427 borrower-members in 1998. . How to cite Historical Background of Rural Finance of Bangladesh, Papers

Debut Albums and Good Things free essay sample

Smile every chance you get. Not because life has been easy, perfect, or exactly as you had anticipated, but because you choose to be happy and grateful for all the good things you do have and all the problems you know you dont have. 2. Never let a bad day make you feel Like you have a bad life. 3. Tell the negativity committee that meets Inside your head to sit down and shut up. (Read Learned Optimism. ) 4. A bad attitude Is Like a flat tire, you cant get very far until you change It. 5. In a world where you can be anything you want, The more you love our decisions, the less you need others to love them. 7. Its important to make someone happy, and its important to start with yourself. 8. Life is not about making others happy. Life is about sharing your happiness with others. 9. Happiness is not something you postpone for the future; it is something design into the present. 10. If you settle for Just anything, youll never know what youre truly worthy of. 11. Sometimes life gives you two options: losing yourself or losing someone else. Regardless of the situation, dont lose yourself. 12.If your happiness depends on hat somebody else does, you do have a pretty big problem. 13. Whatever someone did to you In the past has no power over the present. Only you give It power. 14. Dont worry too much about people who dont worry about you. 15. Know your worthy When you give yourself to someone who doesnt respect you, you surrender pieces of your soul that youll never get back. 16. Sometimes youve got to emotionally let go of the things that once meant a lot to you, so you can move beyond the past and the pains they bring you, and open the next chapter in your life. 7. If oh want to get over a problem, stop mulling it over and talking about it. Your mind affects your mouth, and your mouth affects your mind. Its nearly impossible to move beyond something when youre obsessing over it. 18. If it is detrimental to you emotionally, physically and spiritually, what choice do you have but to let go and flourish with self-respect. 19. Saying goodbye is one of the most painful ways to solve a problem. But sometimes its necessary. 20. Moving on doesnt mean forgetting, It means you choose happiness over hurt. 21 . Stop looking at what you eave lost, so you can see what you have. 22. Someone else Is happy with far less than what you have. 23. Talk about your blessings more than you talk about your problems. 24. Sometimes people throw away something good for something better, only to find out later that good was actually good enough and better never even came close. 25. In life, you get what you put in. Everything comes back around. 26. You can never change the past nor control the future, but you can change the mood of the day by touching someones heart with your smile. 27.The happiness you feel is n direct proportion to the love you give. 28. Those who bring sunshine to the lives of others cannot keep it from themselves. 29. Its nice to have money and the things that money can buy, but Its also important to make sure you havent lost track of the things that money cant buy. 30. You dont need a lot of money to lead a rich life. Good friends and a loving family are worth their weight In gold. 31 . You will never fully believe In yourself If you keep comparing yourself to everyone else. Instead, compare yourself to who you were yesterday. Read Authentic Happiness. ) 32. You anger. 33. Give yourself permission to immediately walk away from anything that gives you bad vibes. There is no need to explain or make sense of it. Just trust what you feel. 34. One of the greatest freedoms is truly not caring what everyone else thinks of you. 35. As long as you are worried about what others think of you, you are owned by them. Only when you require no approval from outside yourself can you own yourself. 36. Dont let anyone walk through your mind with their dirty feet. 37. It hurts the most when you start pretending it doesnt. 8. You are responsible or how you feel no matter what someone does to you. Remember, you are always in control of your thoughts so choose to feel confident and adequate rather than angry and insecure. 39. Being kind to yourself in thoughts, words and actions is as important as being kind to others. 40. Death is not the greatest loss in life; the greatest loss is what dies inside while youre still alive. 41 . Only when we begin to be awake do we realize Just how asleep we have been. 42. You are always free to do something that makes you smile. 43. You define your own life.Dont let other people write your lifes story for you. 44. Dont be afraid of change. Oftentimes you will lose something good, and then gain something even better. 45. Worry is a massive waste of time and energy. It doesnt change anything. All it does is steal your Joy and hinder your ability to make positive changes. 46. If you want to be happy and bright, let goof your need to always be right. 47. In life, you usually get what you ask for and it rarely comes in the package you think its supposed to come in. 48. If you dont like something, change it. If you cant change it, change the way you think about it. . Life does NOT have to be perfect to be wonderful. 50. You look the best when you wear your smile. There is no beauty like the one that comes from inside you. 51 . Grudges are a waste of perfect happiness. 52. The time spent on hating is the time lost for living a peaceful, happy life. It is a habit that controls what you see, what you say, what you do, and ultimately what you become. 53. Sometimes you need to be alone to reflect on life. Take time out to take care of yourself. You deserve it. 54. The good things we build end up building 55. You cannot change what you refuse to confront. . The difference between who you are and who you want to be, is what you do. 57. If you want your life to change, your choices and actions must change. Every day brings a chance to start over. 58. Good things dont come to those who wait. Good things come to those who pursue the goals and dreams they believe in. 59. Dont make a decision based solely on popularity. Just because other people are doing it doesnt mean its the best choice for you. 60. Following all the rules leaves a completed checklist. Following your heart achieves a completed you. (Read The Happiness Project. ) 61 .Knowing yourself is one thing, but truly believing and living as yourself is another. With so much social conditioning in our society, we sometimes forget who we are. Dont lose yourself out there. 62. Of all the things that can be stolen from you your possessions, your youth, your health, your words, your rights what no one can ever take from you is your freedom to choose what you will believe in, and who and what your heart will love. 63. When you find yourself cocooned in isolation and despair and cannot find your way out of the darkness, remember that time you need to heal emotionally.Moving on doesnt take a day; it takes lots of little steps to be able to break free of your broken self. 65. When you can forgive, yourself and others, and stop the imprisonment, youre creating the love of your life. 66. What you believe has more power than what you dream or wish or hope for. You become what you believe. 67. Keep your heart open to dreams. For as long as theres a dream, there is hope, and as long as there is hope, there is Joy in living. 68. When you try to control everything, you enjoy nothing. Sometimes you Just need to relax, breathe, let go, and Just live in the moment. . Even though you cannot control everything that happens, you can control your attitude toward what happens. And in that, you will be mastering change rather than allowing it to master you. 70. Life will never be perfect, no matter how hard you try. Even if you pour your heart and soul into it, you will never have that perfection you seek. There will always be broken hearts, there will always be days where nothing goes right. But you must accept and learn that even the most imperfect things will always be made better with love and laughter. (Redistributing on Happiness. ) 71.Life isnt about waiting for the storm to pass, its about learning to dance in the rain. 72. Satisfaction is not always the fulfillment of what you want; it is the realization of how blessed you are for what you have. 73. Sometimes you Just have to look back at your past and smile about how far youve come. 74. Just because it didnt last forever, doesnt mean it wasnt worth your while. 75. Its not that everything will be easy or exactly as you had expected, but you must Just choose to be grateful for all that you have, and happy that you got a chance to live this life, no matter how it turns out.

Risk Management Plan for Outdoor Expeditions and Overnight Trips

Trip overview and description This risk management plan will cover four day trip to Mount Whitney which is the highest summit in the US with an elevation of 14497 feet above sea level. Whitney summit is Among the Sierra Nevada highest peaks. The trail will follow the normal Mount Whitney route which is considered to be less strenuous to the summit.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Management Plan for Outdoor Expeditions and Overnight Trips specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The beginning of the trail will at Whitney Portal situated 8360 feet. The increase in altitude is about 6,100 feet. Trail distance is 11 miles from Whitney Portal to the summit. At most, the trip will take 4 days to complete. All the members of the group will take train, bus or flight to Lone Pine and then driven to Whitney Portal where the trail will begin. The rest of the trail will be on foot covering at least six miles per day. However, this will depend on the distance between the camping sites as well as the day’s weather and other factors put into consideration. The main aim of the trail is to achieve the major objectives of the trail that includes health enhancement, recreation and improve quality of life. The other objectives are for the preservion of cultural heritage and natural resources, provide educational opportunities as well as boost the economic development of the region. Most of the team members are between the ages of 25 and 45 with the team leader being the oldest at the age of 45. The team of eight consist four pair of couples. Each of the team members has experience in the mountain trails with majority of the team having mountain hike skills. The team leader is the most experienced having guided most of the mountain trails in various parts of the world such as Alps in Europe. However, most of the group members are not new in the mountain trail.Advertising Looking for essay on health m edicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Leadership The group Leaders will have essential responsibilities especially in the management of the team. The leader will have to ensure that the team is safe, have enjoyment, are fully engaged and most importantly, educationally gain from the trips. Besides the group management skills, the team leader will be required to have possession of navigational and trailside maintenance skills (Martin, 2006). In addition, the trail leaders must have the capabilities of assessing risks and ways through which they can deal with emergencies. The leader will also be required to provide an alternative in case of any eventuality. The leader should be highly experienced and is expected to provide technical advice on weather changes, acclimatization levels, GPS directions and health conditions and hazards as well as other technical issues that may be encountered while on the field (Cook, 2007). The camp i nstructors are supposed to provide any assistance as well as providing directions. Moreover, the instructors have the responsibility of ensuring that the teams are safe and secure. Trip Itineraries Day Distance (Miles) Location Time Activity 1 0 Whitney Portal 5.00 am Wake up time 5.00 – 5. 30 am Readiness exercise 5.30 – 6.15 am Preparations including personal hygiene, filling backpacks, ensuring everything are in place. 6.15 – 7.00 am breakfast 7.10 – 12.00 pm Set off time, hiking up 2.8 Lone Pine lake 12.00 – 1.00 pm Lunch 1.00 – 3.00 pm Resuming the ascent, hiking up trail 3.8 Outpost Camp 3.00 – 7.00 pm Camp arrival, doing camping related activities, individual health check and all other individual related activities 7.00 – 9.00 pm Dining having fun and etc 9.00pm Bed time 2 3.8 Outpost Camp 5.00 am Wake up time 5.00 – 5. 30 am Readiness exercise 5.30  œ 6.15 am Preparations including personal hygiene, refilling backpacks, ensuring everything are in place. 6.15 – 7.00 am breakfast 7.10 – 12.00 pm Set off time, hiking up 6 Trail camp 12.00 – 1.00 pm Lunch 1.00 – 3.00 pm Resuming the ascent, hiking up trail 8.2 Trail crest camp 3.00 – 7.00 pm Camp arrival, doing camping related activities, individual health check and all other individual related activities 7.00 – 9.00 pm Dining having fun and etc 9.00pm Bed time 3 8.2 Trail crest camp 5.00 am Wake up time 5.00 – 5. 30 am Readiness exercise 5.30 – 6.15 am Preparations including personal hygiene, refilling backpacks, ensuring everything are in place. 6.15 – 7.00 am breakfast 7.10 – 10.00 am Set off time, hiking up 11 Mt Whitney summit 10.00-10.30 am Taking photos, taking measurements, taking records GPS, Descent 10.30-12.30 pm Descending the trail 13.8 Trail crest camp 12.30 – 1.30 pm Lunch 1.30 – 4.00 pm Descent 16 Trail camp 4.00 – 7.30 pm Camp arrival, doing camping related activities, individual health check and all other individual related activities 7.30 – 9.00 pm Dining having fun and etc 9.00 pm Bed time 4 16 Trail camp 6.00 am Wake up time 6.00 – 6.45am Preparations including personal hygiene, refilling backpacks, ensuring everything are in place. 6.45 – 7.30am breakfast 19.2 Lone Pine lake 7.30 – 12.00pm Descent arrival at Lone Pine Lake 12.00 –12.45pm Lunch 22 Whitney portal 12.45 – 2.45 pm Descent, arrival at Whitney portal 4.00 onwards Writing report, evaluation resting, preparing for the following day departure Equipment The following are the basic equipments or gear that will be required on the trail. These types of equipment are needed especially during the average summer conditions. However, during winte r special gear may be required such as the ice axe, snow helmet, crampons and snow shoes (Connally, 2004). But since this trail is planned during average summer conditions, these winter equipments will not be necessary. What is important to remember is that all the equipments will be carried for the entire 22 miles round trip journey. Therefore, they should be kept as light as possible (Goldenberg Martin, 2007). The equipment that will needed includes:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Management Plan for Outdoor Expeditions and Overnight Trips specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Backpacks at least with a capacity of about 30lt and can comfortably carry all the travelling gear, food, water and extra clothing Hydration system with at least 2lt of water Headlamp mostly the basic LED lamp with high quality lithium batteries. Starting the hike with a new pair is better and it is a good idea to have an extra set. T he map – the best map is Tom Harrison Mt. Whitney Zone. Each team member should have its personal map print outs and extra care should be taken to prevent any contamination with moisture. It is also important that the team members familiarize themselves with the map taking cognizant of important pints or stopping areas along the trail before setting out for the trail. The maps are very essential especially when the visibility is reduced to a few meters when the clouds roll in. The GPS navigation or compass. These are very essential when the weather turns to be very bad. It is also important to have lithium batteries for the GPS. The use of these equipments are essential for all the team members and should be learned during the prior trail trainings The First Aid Kit carrying band aids, tape, aspirin, mole skin, ibuprofen, antihistamine, blister ointment, portable aqua iodine tablets Reflective blanket which can be used as an emergency shelter. The blanket should be very light Fire starter or water proof matches. Though they are rarely required they can still be useful during emergencies. Small knife which should be simple and smaller. Probably it should be 51 piece multi-tool. Trekking poles that will be vital in saving the knees and in extra balancing on tricky terrain as well as stream crossing Clothing gear that includes under amour boxer brief and bra for women, Patagonia Capilene Crew Top, North Face Paramount Convertible Pants, Smart wool hiking socks, water proof hiking boots particularly the Merrell Outland Mid boots and the Outdoor Research Sun Runner Cap. Extra clothing that includes light weight power dry long sleeve t-shirt, full zip fleece jacket, rain jacket, full zip rain pants, black diamond wind weight liner gloves, wind break beanie extra pair smart wool hiking socks and sunglasses Other extras may include sunscreen, lip balm, toilet paper, wag bag and wrist watches. Water sources Water is very essential during the hike particularly t o stay hydrated while acclimating. Various factors that range from environmental to physical body needs determine the quantity of water one should have at a particular time. In average, about 3 to 6 liters of water is required per person to stay hydrated during acclimation. Additives such as electrolyte drink mix and Gatorade can also be added to water or used along the trail to keep hydrated. Luckily, pure water will be found in many places along the trail and it is essential to refill or top up the water before moving on. The ponds along the trail are filled with streams that have clean water that can be used without further purification. There will be no need to carry more than two liters at any time. It is advisable to carry just the right amount of water otherwise it will be an extra load in the backpack. Much thought will only be on how to carry water. Water bottles are the best water container to use in this trail. Though most of the water points are fresh and considered pure , those who can’t take untreated water can use iodine tablets to treat their drinking water. Weather Related Information Mountain weather changes almost every time making it very unpredictable. Dangers arising from unpredictable weather are higher compared with other forms of danger. All characteristics of weather, sunshine, hail, snow, wind, rain and lightning will be possible at any time during the mountain trail. The team members will be required to pay extra attention to any development in the sky. However, the team must take precaution on sunshine, lightning, snow ice and hail.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sunshine at higher elevations makes people become susceptible to dangerous rays that may pose great danger to the hikers. The effect of the rays may also be intensified by the reflections from the snow therefore the team is advised to put on the sunshine protection gear most of the time during the day. Exposed parts of the body are very vulnerable to dangerous rays hence should be protected using sunscreen. The challenging parts are snow covered ground hence high precaution is needed. Mountaineering gear may be required at these points (Connally, 2004). It is advisable to end trails before noon since most of the thunderstorms develops from noon onwards. However the trail can continue when the weather is clear. Generally, mountain Thunderstorms develop very fast and are normally accompanied with lightning. Clouds that form thunderstorms can easily be observed. Once cloud forming thunderstorms are sported it is advisable for the team to immediately seek shelter in the nearby trail cam ps. Storm forming clouds are characterized by their Flat bases, White and gray color and their long vertical length. When these types of clouds appear early in the day, it is very likely that the storm will develop during the day. These clouds grow faster making the situation worse. Lightning create an electric radiations that has the capability of covering large area. The deaths that result from storms are caused by ground current. The teams are always advised to be in contact with the weather center at the starting point base after every half an hour to keep a breath of any weather changes. Transportation Transport to Lone Pine is very limited especially air travels since there is no large commercial airport. However, any air travel will require that one uses the nearest cities. Though air travel is limited, other means are available especially the bus. The Eastern Sierra interregional public transport is provided by the transit authorities. The buses operate several routs within the Eastern Sierra region. Other companies also offer bus services in most of the Eastern Sierra routs. However, private services are being made available by Mount Whitney shuttle. It is therefore advisable for the team members to organize with the Mount Whitney Shuttle Services for their transport prior to the trail. Rules and Regulations The trail team will have to adhere to the Mount Whitney zone rules and regulations that determine the conduct of the hikers. The rules and regulations concerns the permits, health of team members, environmental conservations, conduct of the team members, time regulations, safety measures, security, trail directions and camping regulations. Even though most of the rules that govern the trail are encompassed within the Mount Whitney zone rules, the team will also be required to have their own rules and regulations that will be used to regulate their conduct. The team will be required to stick together at all times, be at the camping sites before sun set, wake up by five in the morning, stick to the advice of the team leader and follow the required routs while on the trail. These rules are very essential especially during emergencies as well as enhancing the safety and security of the team members (MacInnes, 2005). Risk Assessment and Management There are several risks and dangers that will be inherently associated with this trail. Apart from dangers that are associated with injuries, there are those risks that are associated to weather conditions, healthy conditions and physical strains (Kosseff, 2010). Some of these risks will include Injuries resulting from boulder falls, falls, slipperiness, knee knocks as well as any other causes of injuries. Injuries may be simple or acute depending on the impact made with the object. Simple injuries may include cuts and abrasions as a result of falling on the gravel. Acute injuries may include severe cuts as a result of being hit by a falling bolder (Kosseff, 2010). Though the probability of their occurrence is small, the trail team will be required to wear the protective gear at all times as well as using the designated trail routs. It is also advisable that each team member take personal precautions in order to reduce the risks of having any injuries. Moreover, all the team members will be required to take physical training in order to be fit for this expedition. Acute Mountain Sickness is also another health hazard that is very likely especially when the team is approaching higher altitudes. In fact altitude is the major cause of the sickness. However, it will be accelerated by the rate at which the team will be ascending. The higher the rate of ascent, greater is the probabilities of developing the AMS. Higher ascending speeds destabilize the body functions before it adapts to higher altitudes. Other factors that may lead to higher chance of developing AMS are the degree of body exertion and dehydration. Therefore, it is essential for the team to acclimatize at higher altitudes twenty four hours before the beginning of the trail (Connally, 2004). All the team members will be required to be at Whitney portal a day before the hike. The team will be acclimatized at Meysan Lake, Horseshoe Meadows and Onion Valley which are 8360, 9200 and 10000 feet respectively a day before the trail. Moreover, during the ascent the team will keep a steady pace with short breaks to give the body a chance of acclimatizing. In addition, the team leaders will be required to constantly check the team members of any symptoms of AMS. The diamox will be among the First Aid Kit contents and used during these situations. In acute situations, the team leaders are required to call for emergency airlift to the nearest hospitals at Lone Pine The weather related risks are the most likely to occur during the trail (Connally, 2004). The ways to deal with weather related risks such as snowfall, hailstones, lightning will be extensively covered during the training process just before the trail. Dealing with hash weather conditions is integral part of pre trail training since weather related risks are the most likely to occur. Furthermore, emergency measures are also related to these risks. Emergency Action Plan The team will use the emergency services provided by the Sequoia National Park where the summit lies. The institution will also provide communication systems as well as any other emergency equipment as required by the regulations. Moreover, the trail team will be trained on possible emergencies and how to deal with such emergencies. In various points on the trail, the Sequoia National Park has put in place service centers to deal with minor emergencies. Contingencies Many things can go wrong in this trail, but probably, the risk hazards that have been mentioned such as altitude sickness, dehydration, environment related including darkness, hail, lightning, snow or ice, wind and sunshine. Others include injury, group separation, search and rescue op erations. Ways to deal with these eventualities have already been mentioned in the previous discussions. References Connally, C. (2004). The Mountaineering handbook: Modern tools and techniques that will take you to the top. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Professional. Cook, T. (2007). Outdoor leadership: The noble gift. London, UK: Deeper Vision Publishers. Goldenberg, M., Martin, B. (2007). Hiking and Backpacking. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics. Kosseff, A. (2010). AMC guide to outdoor leadership: Trip planning, group dynamics, decision making, leading youth and risk management. Boston, MA: Appalachian Mountain Club Books. MacInnes, H. (2005). International mountain rescue handbook. London, UK: Frances Lincoln ltd. Martin, B. (2006). Outdoor leadership: Theory and practice. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics. Appendices Appendix 1: Mount Whitney Zone Appendix 2: Mt Whitney Trail Map Appendix 3: Whitney Trial Campsites Appendix 4: Whitney trail topography Appendix 5: Weather related information WX6HNX-11 Sequoia NP (AT846) Lat: 36.60417 Lon: -118.73306 Elev: 6690 Last Update on 25 May 11:53 PDT Humidity: 54 % Wind Speed: 6 G 13 MPH Barometer: 29.66 in (N/A mb) Dewpoint: 20 °F (-7 °C) Wind Chill: 30 °F (-1 °C) Visibility: Miles This essay on Risk Management Plan for Outdoor Expeditions and Overnight Trips was written and submitted by user Kat Farrell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

What You Had and What You Lost Professor Ramos Blog

What You Had and What You Lost You know that feeling of going through a break up with someone you truly love. That gut-wrenching feeling when you find out that the person you want to spend eternity with no longer feels the same way about you. Stevie Nicks the lead singer/songwriter for the band Fleetwood Mac knows that feeling and wrote the song â€Å"Dreams†. Fleetwood Mac is a British-American rock band, formed in London, England on July 1967. Stevie Nicks didn’t join the band until 1974 when the band moved to the United States. Music can be interpreted in different ways; many listeners will interpret the song as them losing a loved one such as their sister or father, etc. One of the most interesting interpretations that I have read was one person felt longing and departure from adolescence into adulthood. This song could give many different people different meaning to this song. To understand â€Å"Dreams† it’s good to look at the history behind it, the meaning, and how Nicks tied et hos, logos, and pathos into it.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Dreams† was made and released with the album â€Å"Rumours† on February 4, 1977. The song was written by Stevie Nicks in Sly Stone’s studio next door from where her band was doing technical work. Sly Stone had a big, semicircular bed with red velvet all over the walls. Nicks sat on the bed with a keyboard in front of her and wrote the song in ten minutes. She went back into her studio and said â€Å"I’ve just written the most amazing song† then proceeded to play it in the recording booth, and everyone joined in.† Dreams† is a chill, simple song, and â€Å"Nicks’ musical settings reinforce the poetic content and effect of her lyrics. This includes the use of melodic-harmonic divorce, the avoidance of tonic as a vertical harmony and the temporal relationship between a vocal line and structural patterns in an accompaniment† (Hough, 40). For example, in the beginning of the song when N icks sings â€Å"It’s only right to play the way you feel it, but listen carefully to the sound of your loneliness† the guitarist Lindsey Buckingham, the one she broke up with, makes a weeping sound with his guitar to show he is also sad about the break up. Another example is whenever Nicks sings â€Å"Like a heartbeat† the drums come in louder, just like your heartbeat. When the band recorded the song, they kept the vocals on the first take because each time Nicks tried to redo it, it never sounded as good as the original take.   The audio engineer wished that Nicks could have topped the take because the drums in the background leaked through her mic when she sang softly. Because of the drums in the background the audio engineer had to ride it up more but you could still hear the snare in the song. Nicks wrote the song because everyone in the band at that time was going through a break up; â€Å"Christine and John McVie had split up, Mick Fleetwood was divor cing his wife, and Stevie Nicks and Lindsey Buckingham’s relationship was on the rocks† (Rolling Stone, 1).   This song was written from Nicks point of view on the break up. Buckingham responded to it by writing his own song called â€Å"Go Your Own Way† with his point of view of the breakup, which was placed on the same album as Nicks song.  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That feeling of having your heart broken and about losing someone you were once in a relationship with was the meaning behind the song. If you go through the lyrics of the song you will find all the little references of Nicks and Buckingham’s relationship. For example, in the very first two-line Nicks wrote â€Å"Now here you go again, you say you want your freedom well, who am I to keep you down.† At that time Nicks was fed up with Buckingham constantly threatening to leave her and that was the main reason why she broke up with him. She saw no point in stringing him along anymore. Nicks makes another reference to Buckingham in the chorus of the song by saying â€Å"players only love you when their playing.† Although when someone reads that they first think of the slang word player, but Nicks referred to Lindsey Buckingham an instrument/music player. That he only loved her when they were on stage together, but outside of that he didn’t feel the same way towards her as she did for him. In the pre-chorus of the song Nicks wrote â€Å"in the stillness of remembering what you had and what you lost and what you had and what you lost.† Meaning that when the breakup finally sinks into your brain it starts to drive you a little crazy because it is reminding you of the person you had and lost. Her interpretation on the lyric â€Å"when the rain washes you clean, you’ll know† was interesting. Nicks meant that everything will look better in the future; that when you get through the process of a heart break you will see the break up from a different angel. The same meaning also goes with the next line of the song â€Å"now here I go again, I see the crystal vision.† Stating that when you look at it, it is not all one person’s fault, but that it â€Å"takes two to tango† and that you need to see that. One of the most significant lyrics that Nicks decided to name the so ng after is â€Å"it’s only me who wants to wrap around your dreams.† Nicks wanted to get into Buckingham’s mind, know all about him, and make the relationship work, but she felt like it was one sided. Being in a relationship with Buckingham and having it be a healthy relationship is just a dream to her. She knows that both of their lives would be better if they were no longer in a relationship together.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Dreams† appeals directly to pathos, a little bit to ethos, and logos. Pathos appeals to the emotions that a text will give you. â€Å"Dreams† can make a person feel a lot of emotions when listening to it; mostly feelings of sadness, sorrow, grief, or even a serene/peaceful feeling. Ethos appeals to the credibility/trustworthiness of the author(s); since Fleetwood Mac has been around for fifty-two years, they have created a name for themselves and have gained many fans that trust and like the messages they give their audience. Logos appeals to the logic/facts that the text gives. This song can teach the audience life lessons such as the lyric â€Å"when the rain washes you clean, you’ll know† because Nicks is saying that you are going to be okay, you will get through this and that although it may not seem like it now in the future you will see. The same goes for the lyric â€Å"now here I go again, I see the cryst al vision.† Stating to look at things from a different angel on the situation.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Dreams† is one of the most go to heart-break songs. The song is effective to its listeners of the pathos that Nicks brings to the song. How she tries to connect with her audience and have them feel what she is feeling. This song can be interpreted in many different ways and when I first heard it, I actually felt peaceful and would listen to it when I am driving at night. This song means something to a lot of people and brings many different emotions out of people.  Ã‚      â€Å"Fleetwood Mac.† Rolling Stone, no. 1223, Dec. 2014, p. 90. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=f6hAN=99518258site=ehost-live.      Hough, Matthew T. â€Å"Elements of Style in Three Demo Recordings by Stevie Nicks.† Music Theory Online, vol. 21, no. 1, Mar. 2015, pp. 1–13. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=102071683site=ehost-live.  Ã‚   Nicks, Stevie. â€Å"Dreams by: Fleetwood Mac.† Genius. 2017. https://genius.com/Fleetwood-mac-dreams-lyrics   

Religious indoctrination is wrong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Religious indoctrination is wrong - Essay Example Then, why is constructivism viewed in many schools as the lone method for instruction? Children answering question papers with a prejudice for another religious belief will be punished if they answer by their beliefs rather than in line with the indoctrination of their schools. Under constructivism, and as argued by Richard Dawkins, religious indoctrination of children is particularly repulsive since it conflicts with moral standards. A number of critics observe the presence of indoctrination in any effort to teach religious beliefs. There is a major debate about the description of indoctrination, but this debate is beyond the scope of this paper. However, this paper applies John Chambers’s definition of indoctrination: â€Å"intentional implantation of equivocal or debatable content in the hope that no matter what counter-evidence is produced the†¦ students will continue to hold the content as true and never see it as equivocal or false† (Purdy 1992, 158). A relev ant aspect of this description is that it helps to differentiate between education and indoctrination, which requires imparting information or knowledge with a truthful explanation of its merits. The present author thinks that in question are unspoken, and often unrecognized, arguments about the value of individual judgment and choice. It appears that what is assumed to be essential about these judgment and choice is that they are ‘ours’. The core of this argument is some idea of ‘unadulterated,’ ‘unbiased’ choice. Widespread opinion at times compares any influencing or manipulating of other people, particularly helpless, innocent, or trusting ones like children, with brainwashing or indoctrination. LaFollette, for instance, argues that if children are religiously indoctrinated by their parents then they are hampered from maturing as critical thinkers and independent adults (Langlaude 2007, 51). As stated by John White: â€Å"If the parent has an obligation to bring up his child as a morally autonomous person, he cannot at the same time have the right to indoctrinate him with any beliefs whatsoever, since some beliefs may contradict those on which his educational endeavors should be based† (Langlaude 2007, 51). Indoctrination of established religions in fact disregards human vulnerability, weaknesses, or immaturity in other ways. Established religions’ physical abuse of children can be traced back to prehistoric times and is still widespread. Cases of such thrive within the walls of Christian religions, especially in their historical account of detained native children, and in the maltreatment committed by ministers, nuns, and priests who on account of their authority and its predestined worth were bestowed with faith and have held influence over the indoctrinated. Therefore, rather than depending on ambiguous and uncertain values and beliefs, we need an open dialogue of what children should learn and how to better assist them in doing it. Hence we should tackle the issue whether they should be taught about vital topics or whether they become skilled at making good decisions if left wholly to their own means. If children are given the opportunity as much as possible to decide on their own, it is possible but unlikely that they will effectively pull themselves out of the chaos and come out the stronger. Gradually, and through practice, people are able to possess the abilities which liberate them of the